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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT 3: Colorado Springs to Grand Junction

Route: KCOS → KGJT

Mountain IFR flying through Colorado with convective weather and terrain challenges.

View FAA WINGS activity on FAASafety.gov →

Scenario Overview

Mountain IFR flight across the Colorado Rockies with convective weather building along the route. The pilot must navigate terrain-induced turbulence, evaluate convective SIGMETs, and execute a challenging approach into a mountain valley airport.

FAA WINGS Credit
Basic 96193 crAdvanced 96192 crMaster 96194 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

ILSRNAVHoldingADMMountain TerrainConvective Weather

Route & Flight Plan

KCOS PUB V389 FQF V134 DBL KGJT
Altitude16,000
Distance218 nm
ETE1:35

ATC Audio Practice

Real ATC recordings from LiveATC. Practice extracting weather from ATIS and copying IFR clearances at real-world cadence. Learn IFR clearance techniques

These are actual recordings from airport frequencies. The weather, routing, and clearances will differ from the planned scenario — the training value is in listening proficiency and ATC communication cadence.

ATIS

KCOS ATISKCOS1:30
0:00/1:30

Colorado Springs ATIS — mountain weather conditions with wind and altimeter for high-altitude departure

IFR Clearances

KCOS → KGJT IFR ClearanceKCOS0:30
0:00/0:30

IFR clearance with altitude split — cleared to 10,000, expect 16,000 ten minutes after departure. Practice copying the initial vs. expected altitude

Airport Information

Departure
KCOS
Colorado Springs Airport
Colorado Springs, CO
Elevation: 6,187 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
17L/35R13,500 ftasphalt
17R/35L11,022 ftasphalt
13/318,270 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS125.0
CLR134.45
GND121.7
TWR119.9
APP124.0
Approaches
ILS RWY 17L, ILS RWY 35L, ILS RWY 35R, RNAV GPS RWY 17L, RNAV GPS RWY 17R, RNAV GPS RWY 35L, RNAV GPS RWY 35R
Destination
KGJT
Grand Junction Regional Airport
Grand Junction, CO
Elevation: 4,861 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
11/299,339 ftasphalt
4/225,501 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS118.55
GND121.7
TWR118.1
APP119.7
Approaches
ILS RWY 11, RNAV GPS RWY 11, RNAV GPS RWY 29, LDA RWY 29

Diversion Scenario

TriggerConvective weather blocks direct path to KGJT; multiple cells along V389 west of FQF with hail reported
KASEAspen-Pitkin County Airport7,820 ft MSL
ApproachLOC/DME-E

Weather Scenario

A summer afternoon pattern with solar heating generating convective activity along the Continental Divide. Thunderstorms are building west to east, with clear conditions at departure deteriorating along the route. By 2100Z the convective SIGMET covers the entire route segment between FQF and Grand Junction. The pilot must decide whether to continue, divert, or hold while storms pass.

Departure 14:00L (2000Z)KCOSVFR
KCOS 142000Z 18012G22KT 10SM FEW080 SCT120 BKN200 27/10 A2992 RMK AO2 TCU DSNT W
Winds from south 12 gusting 22, good visibility, towering cumulus to the west
Arrival 16:00L (2200Z)KGJTMVFR
KGJT 142200Z 25015G28KT 6SM -TSRA BR SCT045 BKN070 OVC100 22/14 A2978 RMK AO2 TSB14 LTG DSNT ALL QDRS
Thunderstorms with light rain, visibility 6 miles, gusty winds, broken layers
Enroute 15:00L (2100Z)KASEIFR
KASE 142100Z 28018G32KT 4SM TSRA BKN050 OVC080 18/12 A2974 RMK AO2 TS OHD MOV E
Thunderstorms overhead Aspen moving east, moderate turbulence reported

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureKCOS
TAF KCOS 141730Z 1418/1518 18012G18KT P6SM SCT080 BKN120 FM141900 20015G22KT P6SM SCT060 BKN100 TEMPO 1419/1423 4SM TSRA BKN040CB FM150000 22010KT P6SM SCT070 BKN100 FM150600 24008KT P6SM FEW080 SCT120
En RouteKASE
TAF KASE 141730Z 1418/1518 28010KT P6SM SCT070 BKN100 FM141900 30012G20KT P6SM SCT050 BKN080 PROB30 1420/1501 3SM TSRA OVC040CB FM150100 28015G24KT 5SM -TSRA BKN045CB TEMPO 1501/1505 3SM TSRA OVC035CB FM150600 30010KT P6SM SCT060 BKN090
ArrivalKGJT
TAF KGJT 141730Z 1418/1518 25008KT P6SM FEW080 SCT120 FM142000 26012G18KT P6SM SCT060 BKN090 FM142200 28015G25KT 5SM -TSRA SCT045 BKN070CB TEMPO 1422/1504 3SM TSRA BKN035CB FM150400 30010KT P6SM SCT060 BKN100

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:15GroundWeather briefing, route review, performance calculations for high-altitude departure. Discuss MEAs along V389.
Departure0:15-0:306,187-16,000IFR departure KCOS RWY 35R, climb to FL160. Monitor convective SIGMET. Contact Denver Center.
Enroute - East Segment0:30-0:5516,000Fly V389 westbound. Encounter moderate turbulence. Receive updated weather via HIWAS. Evaluate convective cells on route.
Enroute - Decision Point0:55-1:1516,000Thunderstorm cell near FQF. Request deviation or hold. Instructor injects updated PIREP with severe turbulence. Go/no-go decision.
Arrival & Approach1:15-1:4016,000-4,861Cleared for ILS RWY 11 at KGJT. Gusty crosswind approach. Manage energy in descending terrain environment.
Debrief1:40-2:00GroundReview decision-making, turbulence management, approach technique. Discuss alternate planning for mountain routes.

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
KGJT
RNAV (GPS) RWY 29
Full procedure from IAF, circle to land RWY 11 if wind favors
Approach 3
KGJT
LDA RWY 29
Vectors to final, practice non-precision MDA management with step-down fixes

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Execute IFR departure from high-elevation airport
  • Navigate MEAs along mountainous airways
  • Brief and fly the ILS RWY 11 at Grand Junction

Progress

  • Interpret convective SIGMETs and PIREPs for mountain weather
  • Manage turbulence encounters and altitude deviations
  • Evaluate go/no-go decisions based on terrain and weather

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Communicate with ATC about deviations for weather
  • Manage workload during turbulent conditions
  • Apply aeronautical decision-making for terrain avoidance

Prepare for Your Session

What is the MEA along V389 between PUB and FQF?
The MEA is 16,000 feet due to mountainous terrain along the Continental Divide. This ensures obstacle clearance and adequate signal reception.
What are the density altitude implications of departing KCOS at 27C?
At 6,187 feet elevation and 27C, density altitude is approximately 9,200 feet. This significantly reduces climb performance and increases takeoff distance.
What is the missed approach procedure for the ILS RWY 11 at KGJT?
Climb to 7,500 then climbing right turn to 10,000 direct GJT VOR and hold. The missed approach is critical to brief because terrain rises rapidly south of the field.
When should you deviate from your filed route for convective weather?
Deviate when thunderstorm cells are within 20 nm of your route, when moderate or greater turbulence is reported along your route, or when you cannot maintain visual separation from cells in IMC.
Instructor Notes
Focus on altitude management in the high terrain environment. The key teaching moment is the go/no-go decision at the FQF intersection. Inject a severe turbulence PIREP to force the decision. If student continues, increase turbulence simulation. Evaluate crosswind technique on the ILS 11 approach.