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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT: Denver to Jackson Hole

Route: KDEN → KJAC

Mountain IFR into challenging terrain with special approach procedures and weather considerations.

View FAA WINGS activity on FAASafety.gov →

Scenario Overview

Mountain IFR flight from Denver to Jackson Hole, one of the most challenging airport environments in the US. High terrain, single runway, special approach procedures, and mountain weather combine to create a demanding scenario that requires thorough planning and conservative decision-making.

FAA WINGS Credit
Master 95348 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

SIDSTARRNAVMountain TerrainSpecial ProceduresWeather

Route & Flight Plan

KDEN PLAIN5 RLG V328 RKS V520 JAC KJAC
AltitudeFL210
Distance432 nm
ETE1:50

ATC Audio Practice

Real ATC recordings from LiveATC. Practice extracting weather from ATIS and copying IFR clearances at real-world cadence. Learn IFR clearance techniques

These are actual recordings from airport frequencies. The weather, routing, and clearances will differ from the planned scenario — the training value is in listening proficiency and ATC communication cadence.

ATIS

KDEN ATISKDEN1:30
0:00/1:30

Denver International ATIS — high-altitude airport with mountain weather and multiple parallel runway operations

IFR Clearances

KDEN → KJAC IFR ClearanceKDEN0:30
0:00/0:30

SID with amended route — climb via SID, FL190 expect FL210. Practice recognizing an amended clearance that changes your route after initial readback

Airport Information

Departure
KDEN
Denver International Airport
Denver, CO
Elevation: 5,434 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
16R/34L16,000 ftconcrete
7/2512,000 ftconcrete
16L/34R12,000 ftconcrete
8/2612,000 ftconcrete
17L/35R12,000 ftconcrete
17R/35L12,000 ftconcrete
Frequencies
ATIS125.6
GND121.35
TWR124.3
APP119.3
Approaches
ILS RWY 16R, ILS RWY 17L, ILS RWY 17R, ILS RWY 25, ILS RWY 34L, ILS RWY 35L, ILS RWY 35R, RNAV GPS all runways
Destination
KJAC
Jackson Hole Airport
Jackson, WY
Elevation: 6,451 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
01/196,300 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS120.625
GND124.55
TWR118.075
APP133.25
Approaches
ILS Y RWY 19, ILS Z RWY 19, RNAV GPS RWY 01, RNAV GPS RWY 19, VOR RWY 01
Alternate
KSLC
Salt Lake City International Airport
Salt Lake City, UT
Elevation: 4,231 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
16L/34R12,002 ftconcrete
16R/34L12,000 ftconcrete
17/359,596 ftasphalt
14/324,893 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS124.75
GND121.9
TWR118.3
APP120.9
Approaches
ILS RWY 16L, ILS RWY 16R, ILS RWY 34L, ILS RWY 34R, RNAV GPS RWY 16L, RNAV GPS RWY 16R, RNAV GPS RWY 34L, RNAV GPS RWY 34R, RNAV GPS RWY 35

Weather Scenario

An autumn mountain weather pattern with snow showers developing over the Teton Range. Denver is clear but conditions deteriorate moving northwest toward Jackson. The TAF for KJAC shows the 1500-1630Z window as marginal with gusty winds and snow showers. Mountain wave turbulence is reported along the route. The single-runway airport with terrain on all sides demands careful weather evaluation.

Departure 09:00L (1500Z)KDENVFR
KDEN 141500Z 20010KT 10SM SCT080 BKN120 12/02 A3008 RMK AO2
Good VFR conditions at Denver, scattered clouds, light winds
Arrival 10:30L (1630Z)KJACMVFR
KJAC 141630Z 20015G28KT 5SM -SN BR SCT030 BKN050 OVC080 M02/M06 A2968 RMK AO2 VIRGA N
Light snow and mist, gusty winds, ceiling 3,000 scattered, visibility 5 miles, virga to the north
Alternate 10:30L (1630Z)KSLCVFR
KSLC 141630Z 18008KT 10SM FEW060 SCT100 BKN200 06/M02 A2994 RMK AO2
VFR conditions at Salt Lake City alternate

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureKDEN
TAF KDEN 140530Z 1406/1506 20008KT P6SM SCT080 BKN120 FM141200 20010KT P6SM SCT070 BKN100 FM141500 22012G18KT P6SM SCT060 BKN090 FM142000 24010KT P6SM SCT070 BKN100 FM150000 22008KT P6SM SCT080
En RouteKRKS
TAF KRKS 140530Z 1406/1506 22010KT P6SM SCT070 BKN100 FM141200 24012G20KT P6SM SCT050 BKN080 FM141500 26014G24KT 6SM -SN BR SCT040 BKN060 TEMPO 1515/1520 4SM SN BR BKN030 FM142000 26010KT P6SM SCT050 BKN080 FM150000 24008KT P6SM SCT060
ArrivalKJAC
TAF KJAC 140530Z 1406/1506 20010KT P6SM SCT040 BKN060 FM141200 20012G20KT 6SM -SN BR SCT035 BKN055 OVC080 FM141500 20015G28KT 5SM SN BR SCT025 BKN045 OVC070 TEMPO 1516/1502 3SM +SN BR BKN020 PROB30 1517/1520 2SM +SN FG VV015 FM150200 24012KT P6SM SCT040 BKN070

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:20GroundThorough route briefing with MEA analysis. Review KJAC special procedures and the ILS Y RWY 19. Brief the missed approach (critical in terrain). Discuss go-around considerations.
Departure0:20-0:355,434-FL210Depart KDEN via PLAIN5 SID. Climb to FL210. Contact Denver Center. High-altitude cruise performance planning.
Enroute0:35-1:05FL210Cruise northwest. Mountain wave turbulence encounters along the Wind River Range. Receive updated KJAC weather. Evaluate continue/divert decision.
Descent & Approach Setup1:05-1:25FL210-10,000Begin descent for KJAC. Terrain awareness critical. Brief ILS Y RWY 19 with all crossing altitudes. Configure for approach.
Approach1:25-1:4510,000-6,451ILS Y RWY 19 at KJAC. Gusty crosswind. Terrain on both sides of approach corridor. Break out with Teton Range visible. Landing on single runway.
Debrief1:45-2:00GroundReview mountain flying decision-making, terrain awareness, approach to a constrained airport. Discuss what conditions would have required diversion to SLC.

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
KJAC
RNAV (GPS) RWY 19
GPS approach same runway; compare LPV vs ILS technique in mountain environment
Approach 3
KJAC
RNAV (GPS) RWY 01
Opposite direction approach; practice terrain awareness on missed approach climbing toward the Tetons

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Navigate high-altitude airways through Rocky Mountain terrain
  • Execute the ILS Y RWY 19 at Jackson Hole with terrain awareness
  • Manage high-altitude performance limitations

Progress

  • Interpret mountain weather and terrain-induced turbulence
  • Apply special approach procedures for mountain airports
  • Evaluate go-around considerations at terrain-constrained airports

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Brief approach thoroughly including missed approach into mountainous terrain
  • Manage workload during complex mountain approach
  • Make conservative go/no-go decisions for terrain-constrained airports

Prepare for Your Session

What makes Jackson Hole Airport uniquely challenging?
KJAC is at 6,451 feet elevation with a single runway (01/19) surrounded by the Teton Range to the west (peaks over 13,000 feet) and the Gros Ventre Range to the east. The missed approach procedure must thread between terrain. Mountain wave turbulence, downdrafts, and windshear are common.
What are the missed approach considerations at KJAC?
The missed approach from the ILS Y RWY 19 requires a climb in a terrain-constrained valley. You must achieve a specific climb gradient to clear terrain. If conditions prevent landing and the missed approach cannot be safely executed (e.g., engine partial power), options are extremely limited.
What is mountain wave turbulence and when should you expect it at KJAC?
Mountain wave forms when strong winds (25+ knots) blow perpendicular to a mountain range. At KJAC, westerly winds over the Tetons create standing waves that extend well above the peaks. Expect turbulence on approach, especially with winds from 240-300 degrees at 25 knots or greater.
What personal minimums would you set for a flight into KJAC?
Suggested minimums include ceiling at least 1,000 feet above published minimums, visibility at least 2 miles above published, winds below 25 knots with crosswind component below 15, no moderate or greater turbulence reported, and no significant icing. Jackson rewards conservative decision-making.
Instructor Notes
This is the most terrain-critical scenario. The student must demonstrate thorough approach briefing with emphasis on the missed approach procedure and terrain clearance. If they rush the briefing, pause and require a complete re-brief. The mountain wave turbulence on descent is the secondary challenge. Evaluate their personal minimums — what conditions would make them divert to SLC? If they cannot articulate a clear standard, this is the primary debrief topic.