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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT: Las Vegas to San Francisco

Route: KLAS → KSFO

Transport-category profile with full SID/STAR sequencing. Airline interview prep and single-pilot jet IFR training.

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Scenario Overview

Transport-category profile flight from Las Vegas to San Francisco with full SID/STAR procedures. Designed for airline interview preparation and single-pilot jet IFR training. The pilot flies a high-altitude route with professional ATC interactions and a complex arrival into SFO.

FAA WINGS Credit
Master 95346 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

SIDSTARILSSequencingSpeed ControlCRM

Route & Flight Plan

KLAS TRALR6 DAG J58 EHF SERFR2 KSFO
AltitudeFL350
Distance414 nm
ETE1:15

ATC Audio Practice

Real ATC recordings from LiveATC. Practice extracting weather from ATIS and copying IFR clearances at real-world cadence. Learn IFR clearance techniques

These are actual recordings from airport frequencies. The weather, routing, and clearances will differ from the planned scenario — the training value is in listening proficiency and ATC communication cadence.

ATIS

KLAS ATISKLAS1:30
0:00/1:30

McCarran International ATIS — busy Class B airport with desert weather conditions and multiple runway operations

IFR Clearances

KLAS → KSFO IFR ClearanceKLAS0:30
0:00/0:30

Airline-style clearance with SID and STAR — climb via SID, FL230 expect FL350. Practice copying SID/STAR names and flight level assignments

Airport Information

Departure
KLAS
Harry Reid International Airport
Las Vegas, NV
Elevation: 2,183 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
8L/26R14,835 ftasphalt
8R/26L10,526 ftasphalt
1L/19R9,770 ftasphalt
1R/19L9,769 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS132.4
GND121.1
TWR118.75
APP119.775
Approaches
ILS RWY 1L, ILS RWY 1R, ILS RWY 8L, ILS RWY 19L, ILS RWY 19R, ILS RWY 26L, ILS RWY 26R, RNAV GPS multiple
Destination
KSFO
San Francisco International Airport
San Francisco, CA
Elevation: 13 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
10L/28R11,870 ftasphalt
10R/28L11,381 ftasphalt
1R/19L8,650 ftasphalt
1L/19R7,650 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS118.85
GND121.8
TWR120.5
APP128.325
Approaches
ILS RWY 28L, ILS RWY 28R, RNAV GPS RWY 19L, RNAV GPS RWY 19R, RNAV GPS RWY 28L, RNAV GPS RWY 28R

Weather Scenario

Clear departure from the desert with the classic San Francisco marine layer at arrival. The marine fog is typical for summer mornings at SFO, with low stratus and reduced visibility over the bay. The TAF shows gradual improvement through the 1500-1700Z window but ILS approaches will still be required at the 1630Z arrival time.

Departure 08:00L (1500Z)KLASVFR
KLAS 141500Z 18006KT 10SM FEW100 SCT250 28/08 A3002 RMK AO2
Clear desert morning, good visibility, light winds
Arrival 09:30L (1630Z)KSFOIFR
KSFO 141630Z 28018KT 4SM BR HZ FEW004 SCT012 BKN025 16/12 A2998 RMK AO2 SFC VIS 3
Typical SFO marine layer, low fog and haze, ceiling 400 scattered, 1,200 broken, winds from west

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureKLAS
TAF KLAS 140530Z 1406/1506 VRB04KT P6SM FEW100 SCT250 FM141200 18006KT P6SM FEW100 SCT250 FM141500 20010G16KT P6SM FEW080 SCT200 FM142000 22008KT P6SM FEW100 FM150000 VRB04KT P6SM FEW120
En RouteKBFL
TAF KBFL 140530Z 1406/1506 30005KT P6SM SCT100 FM141200 30008KT P6SM FEW080 SCT150 FM141500 31012G18KT P6SM SCT070 BKN120 TEMPO 1416/1420 6SM HZ FM142000 30010KT P6SM SCT080 FM150000 VRB05KT P6SM FEW100
ArrivalKSFO
TAF KSFO 140530Z 1406/1506 28012KT 3SM BR FEW003 SCT010 BKN020 FM141200 28014KT 3SM BR HZ FEW004 SCT012 BKN025 FM141500 28015G22KT 4SM BR HZ FEW005 SCT015 BKN030 FM141800 28018G25KT 5SM HZ SCT015 BKN035 FM150000 28012KT P6SM FEW020 SCT050

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:15GroundBrief SID (TRALR6), STAR (SERFR2), and ILS 28R approach. Review altitude and speed restrictions on both procedures. Performance planning for high-altitude cruise.
Departure0:15-0:302,183-FL350TRALR6 departure from KLAS RWY 1R. Multiple altitude constraints on the SID. Transition from Las Vegas Departure to LA Center.
Cruise0:30-0:55FL350High-altitude cruise on J58. Monitor weather updates for SFO. Review STAR constraints and brief approach. Step descent planning.
STAR & Descent0:55-1:20FL350-3,000SERFR2 arrival with crossing restrictions. Multiple altitude and speed constraints. Transition from Oakland Center to NorCal Approach. Configure for approach.
Approach & Landing1:20-1:403,000-13ILS RWY 28R at SFO. Break out of marine layer. Crosswind from Bay winds. Parallel approach traffic on 28L.
Debrief1:40-2:00GroundReview SID/STAR compliance, altitude management, approach technique. Discuss airline-style procedures and CRM.

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
KSFO
RNAV (GPS) RWY 28R
GPS overlay approach; practice RNP-style procedure with tight tolerances
Approach 3
KSFO
ILS RWY 28L
Parallel approach to 28L, practice PRM procedures and breakout awareness

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Execute a SID departure from a major Class B airport
  • Fly a STAR arrival into San Francisco
  • Execute the ILS RWY 28R at SFO

Progress

  • Manage high-altitude IFR cruise procedures
  • Interpret and comply with STAR altitude and speed restrictions
  • Demonstrate professional radio communications

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Manage workload during high-tempo departure and arrival phases
  • Brief and execute complex procedures single-pilot
  • Prioritize tasks during STAR compliance

Prepare for Your Session

What are the key altitude constraints on the SERFR2 arrival into SFO?
The SERFR2 has multiple altitude constraints including crossing SERFR at or above FL230, BRIXX at 10,000, and SKUNK at 6,000. Speed restrictions include 280 knots at BRIXX and 250 knots at SKUNK. These constraints require careful descent planning.
What is the side-step or parallel approach procedure at SFO?
SFO frequently runs parallel ILS approaches to 28L and 28R with less than 750 feet separation. This requires Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) procedures. Pilots must monitor the PRM frequency and respond immediately to breakout instructions.
Why is the marine layer at SFO predictable but still challenging?
The marine layer is driven by Pacific high pressure and upwelling cold water. It is predictable in timing (morning fog, afternoon clearing) but the exact ceiling and visibility vary. The transition from VFR above to IFR at the surface can be abrupt.
What is the significance of TRALR6 departure constraints for performance planning?
The SID includes specific climb gradients and altitude restrictions to ensure terrain and traffic separation. If your aircraft cannot meet the required climb gradient, you must notify ATC before departure and may receive amended routing.
Instructor Notes
This is the airline interview prep scenario. Hold the student to airline standards: professional radio calls, precise altitude and speed compliance on SID/STAR, stabilized approach criteria. If they miss a constraint by more than 100 feet or 10 knots, note it for debrief. The SFO marine layer approach is the capstone — evaluate their transition from high-altitude cruise mindset to low-altitude precision approach.