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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT: Salt Lake City to Sun Valley

Route: KSLC → KSUN

Mountain resort destination with terrain challenges, special procedures, and weather decision-making.

View FAA WINGS activity on FAASafety.gov →

Scenario Overview

Mountain IFR flight to Friedman Memorial Airport in Sun Valley, a notoriously challenging mountain resort destination. The single runway in a narrow valley, limited approach options, and unpredictable mountain weather require expert-level planning and conservative decision-making.

FAA WINGS Credit
Master 95349 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

SIDSTARRNAVMountain TerrainADMSpecial Procedures

Route & Flight Plan

KSLC RUSSL V21 BYI V298 KSUN
Altitude14,000
Distance248 nm
ETE1:22

ATC Audio Practice

Real ATC recordings from LiveATC. Practice extracting weather from ATIS and copying IFR clearances at real-world cadence. Learn IFR clearance techniques

These are actual recordings from airport frequencies. The weather, routing, and clearances will differ from the planned scenario — the training value is in listening proficiency and ATC communication cadence.

ATIS

KSLC ATISKSLC1:30
0:00/1:30

Salt Lake City International ATIS — mountain valley airport with terrain-influenced weather conditions

IFR Clearances

KSLC → KSUN IFR ClearanceKSLC0:30
0:00/0:30

SID with added fix MAGGI — maintain 12,000 expect 14,000. Practice copying a clearance that adds a fix not on the original SID

Airport Information

Departure
KSLC
Salt Lake City International Airport
Salt Lake City, UT
Elevation: 4,231 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
16L/34R12,002 ftconcrete
16R/34L12,000 ftconcrete
17/359,596 ftasphalt
14/324,893 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS124.75
GND121.9
TWR118.3
APP120.9
Approaches
ILS RWY 16L, ILS RWY 16R, ILS RWY 34L, ILS RWY 34R, RNAV GPS RWY 16L, RNAV GPS RWY 16R, RNAV GPS RWY 34L, RNAV GPS RWY 34R, RNAV GPS RWY 35
Destination
KSUN
Friedman Memorial Airport
Hailey, ID
Elevation: 5,320 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
13/317,550 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS128.225
GND121.7
TWR125.6
APP118.05
Approaches
RNAV GPS Y RWY 31, RNAV GPS Z RWY 31, NDB/DME-A
Alternate
KSLC
Salt Lake City International Airport
Salt Lake City, UT
Elevation: 4,231 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
16L/34R12,002 ftconcrete
16R/34L12,000 ftconcrete
17/359,596 ftasphalt
14/324,893 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS124.75
GND121.9
TWR118.3
APP120.9
Approaches
ILS RWY 16L, ILS RWY 16R, ILS RWY 34L, ILS RWY 34R, RNAV GPS RWY 16L, RNAV GPS RWY 16R, RNAV GPS RWY 34L, RNAV GPS RWY 34R, RNAV GPS RWY 35

Diversion Scenario

TriggerKSUN weather deteriorates below RNAV minimums (2SM SN, OVC030 with 1.5SM tower visibility); cannot safely descend into valley
KTWFJoslin Field - Magic Valley Regional Airport4,154 ft MSL
ApproachRNAV GPS RWY 26

Weather Scenario

An approaching trough is bringing mountain snow showers to central Idaho. Sun Valley is in a narrow valley oriented northwest-southeast, funneling winds along the valley floor. The TAF shows conditions marginal at the 1700Z arrival and deteriorating rapidly after 1800Z. The pilot must decide whether the approach is feasible given the terrain constraints and wind conditions.

Departure 10:00L (1600Z)KSLCVFR
KSLC 141600Z 17008KT 10SM FEW070 SCT120 BKN200 08/M01 A3004 RMK AO2
Good conditions at Salt Lake City, few clouds at 7,000, light winds
Arrival 11:00L (1700Z)KSUNMVFR
KSUN 141700Z 31012G22KT 4SM -SN SCT035 BKN055 OVC080 M01/M05 A2974 RMK AO2 VIRGA SW
Light snow, gusty winds, scattered clouds 3,500, visibility 4 miles, virga to southwest
Updated 11:30L (1730Z)KSUNIFR
KSUN 141730Z 30018G30KT 2SM SN BR OVC030 M02/M06 A2970 RMK AO2 CIG 025V035 TWR VIS 1 1/2 PRESFR
Snow intensifying, ceiling lowering to 3,000 overcast, visibility 2 miles, strong gusty winds

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureKSLC
TAF KSLC 140530Z 1406/1506 17006KT P6SM FEW070 SCT120 BKN200 FM141200 18008KT P6SM SCT060 BKN100 FM141600 20010KT P6SM SCT050 BKN080 FM142000 22012G18KT P6SM SCT050 BKN070 FM150000 20008KT P6SM SCT060 BKN090
En RouteKTWF
TAF KTWF 140530Z 1406/1506 28008KT P6SM SCT050 BKN080 FM141200 30010KT P6SM SCT040 BKN060 FM141600 30014G22KT 5SM -SN BR BKN035 OVC060 TEMPO 1617/1700 3SM SN BR BKN025 FM142000 30012KT 6SM -SN BR SCT040 BKN060 FM150000 28010KT P6SM SCT050
ArrivalKSUN
TAF KSUN 140530Z 1406/1506 30010KT P6SM SCT040 BKN060 FM141200 31012G22KT 5SM -SN SCT035 BKN055 OVC080 FM141600 30016G26KT 3SM SN BR BKN030 OVC060 FM141800 30018G30KT 2SM SN BR OVC025 TEMPO 1420/1504 1SM +SN FG VV015 PROB40 1418/1502 1/2SM +SN FG VV010 FM150200 30014KT 4SM -SN BR SCT035 BKN060

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:20GroundRoute and weather briefing. Review KSUN procedures — RNAV GPS Y RWY 31 with terrain constraints. Discuss Sun Valley's reputation and why extra fuel and conservative minimums are essential.
Departure0:20-0:354,231-14,000Depart KSLC. Climb to 14,000 for MEA requirements. Contact Salt Lake Center.
Enroute0:35-1:0014,000Cruise northbound. Receive updated KSUN weather showing deterioration. Mountain turbulence along route. Evaluate continue versus divert to Boise or return to SLC.
Descent & Decision1:00-1:2014,000-8,000Begin descent toward KSUN. Updated weather shows 2SM in snow. Wind 30G30. Decision point: attempt approach or divert? Terrain limits options once committed to descent into the valley.
Approach or Diversion1:20-1:408,000-5,320If continuing: RNAV GPS Y RWY 31 with gusty crosswind. If diverting: climb back to 14,000 and return to KSLC.
Debrief1:40-2:00GroundReview terrain decision-making, diversion criteria for valley airports, fuel management. Why is Sun Valley a "one attempt" airport?

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
KTWF
RNAV (GPS) RWY 8
Practice approach at diversion airport; straightforward flat terrain approach for confidence building
Approach 3
KTWF
VOR RWY 26
Conventional nav approach; practice VOR tracking as backup to GPS

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Navigate mountain airways with high MEAs
  • Execute the RNAV GPS Y RWY 31 approach at Sun Valley
  • Manage descent into a valley airport with limited escape routes

Progress

  • Evaluate special procedures for terrain-constrained airports
  • Apply conservative fuel planning for mountain operations
  • Interpret mountain weather forecasts and PIREPs

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Brief approach and missed approach procedures thoroughly
  • Manage passenger expectations about potential diversion
  • Apply conservative decision-making at a resort destination

Prepare for Your Session

What makes Friedman Memorial Airport in Sun Valley especially challenging?
KSUN is at 5,320 feet in a narrow valley surrounded by mountains up to 12,000 feet. It has a single runway (13/31), limited instrument approach options (RNAV Y/Z RWY 31 and NDB/DME-A only), and terrain that constrains the missed approach path. Winds funnel through the valley creating turbulence and shear.
What is the significance of the RNAV GPS Y versus Z RWY 31 approach?
The Y approach has lower minimums but requires specific aircraft equipage (WAAS LPV). The Z approach has higher minimums and is available to non-WAAS aircraft. Both approaches have terrain constraints that make the missed approach procedure critical to understand and brief thoroughly.
Why is Sun Valley considered a "one attempt" airport?
Once you descend into the valley for the approach, climbing back out requires significant altitude gain in a terrain-constrained environment. Fuel burn for the missed approach and diversion must be planned before descent. If weather is marginal, a second attempt is often not fuel-feasible.
What wind conditions at Sun Valley should trigger a diversion decision?
Crosswind components exceeding 15 knots for the assigned runway, gusty winds above 25 knots, or reported windshear on approach. Valley airports amplify wind effects, and the narrow valley at KSUN creates turbulence patterns not well captured by the surface wind report.
Instructor Notes
Sun Valley is the ultimate "should you even go?" scenario. The correct decision may be to divert before descending into the valley. If the student descends and conditions are worse than reported, they face a difficult missed approach in terrain. Evaluate pre-flight planning (did they plan enough fuel for return to SLC?) and in-flight decision-making (at what point did they decide to go or divert?). The debrief should focus on why valley airports demand higher personal minimums.