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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT: Zurich to Geneva

Route: LSZH → LSGG

Short-haul Alpine IFR with FOEHN wind conditions, terrain-constrained MEAs, and compressed task timeline.

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Scenario Overview

Short-haul Alpine IFR flight between Switzerland's two largest airports. Despite being only 150nm, this route passes through some of Europe's most challenging terrain with MEAs well above the cruise altitude of longer routes. FOEHN wind conditions create turbulence and rapid weather changes. The short flight time compresses every task into a demanding sequence. Available on the Cirrus AATD for type rating preparation — SR20, SR22, and SF50 — or the G1000 NXi AATD with King Air B200 turboprop configuration.

FAA WINGS Credit
Master 99555 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

SIDILSAlpine TerrainFOEHN WindEnergy ManagementShort Flight

Route & Flight Plan

LSZH VEBIT UL607 MOLUS LSGG
AltitudeFL200
Distance148 nm
ETE0:38

Airport Information

Departure
LSZH
Zurich Airport
Zurich, Switzerland
Elevation: 1,416 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
14/3210,827 ftconcrete
16/3412,139 ftconcrete
10/288,202 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS128.525
CLR121.675
GND121.9
TWR118.1
APP118.0
DEP125.95
Approaches
ILS RWY 14, ILS RWY 16, ILS RWY 28, ILS RWY 34, RNAV (GPS) RWY 14, RNAV (GPS) RWY 28
Destination
LSGG
Geneva Airport
Geneva, Switzerland
Elevation: 1,411 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
5/2312,795 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS128.025
CLR121.025
GND121.675
TWR118.7
APP131.325
DEP131.325
Approaches
ILS RWY 5, ILS RWY 23, RNAV (GPS) RWY 5, RNAV (GPS) RWY 23, VOR RWY 5, VOR RWY 23

Weather Scenario

A textbook FOEHN wind event. Warm, moist air from the Mediterranean is being pushed northward over the Alps. As the air descends on the north side (where Zurich and Geneva are), it compresses and warms — creating strong gusty south winds, turbulence in the valleys, and rapid weather changes. The FOEHN pattern is deceptive: it can create local clear spots surrounded by instrument conditions. Geneva, sitting at the western end of Lake Geneva in a valley between the Alps and Jura Mountains, gets channeled wind effects. The TAF shows gusty conditions with 30-knot gusts and a PROB30 of heavy rain with 2000m visibility.

Departure 12:00L (1000Z)LSZHMVFR
LSZH 141000Z 18015G25KT 6000 SCT020 BKN040 OVC070 08/04 Q1016 NOSIG
Strong south wind (FOEHN indicator), gusty, broken clouds, moderate visibility
Arrival 12:45L (1045Z)LSGGIFR
LSGG 141045Z 20018G30KT 4000 -RA BR SCT012 BKN025 OVC050 06/04 Q1014 TEMPO 3000 RA
FOEHN-driven gusty winds, rain and mist, ceiling 1,200 scattered, visibility 4km

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureLSZH
TAF LSZH 140500Z 1406/1506 18012G20KT 8000 SCT025 BKN045 FM140800 18014G24KT 6000 SCT020 BKN040 OVC070 FM141000 18016G28KT 5000 -RA SCT015 BKN035 OVC060 TEMPO 1010/1014 3000 RA BKN012 FM141400 20012KT 8000 SCT020 BKN045 FM150000 VRB08KT 9999 SCT030
En Route (Emmen)LSME
TAF LSME 140500Z 1406/1506 18010KT 9999 SCT030 BKN060 FM141000 18014G22KT 6000 -RA SCT020 BKN040 FM141200 20012KT 8000 SCT025 BKN050 FM150000 VRB06KT 9999 SCT035
ArrivalLSGG
TAF LSGG 140500Z 1406/1506 20010KT 9999 SCT030 BKN050 FM140800 20014G22KT 6000 SCT020 BKN040 FM141000 20018G32KT 4000 -RA BR SCT012 BKN025 OVC050 TEMPO 1010/1400 3000 RA BKN010 PROB30 1010/1200 2000 +RA BKN008 FM141400 20014KT 6000 SCT018 BKN035 FM150000 VRB08KT 9999 SCT025 BKN050

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:15GroundBrief departure, en route (terrain throughout — MEAs critical), LSGG approach plates. FOEHN wind discussion: what it is, what it means for turbulence, how it affects approach stability. Brief ILS RWY 23 at Geneva with terrain chart. Discuss go-around: terrain-aware missed approach required.
Departure0:15-0:251,416-FL200Depart LSZH RWY 16 (into the FOEHN wind). Gusty crosswind on takeoff. Climb to FL200 — terrain along the route requires reaching altitude quickly. Contact Swiss Radar. Immediate workload: you are already planning the descent.
Cruise & Descent Planning0:25-0:35FL200Brief cruise — only 10 minutes at altitude. MEAs along the route are FL160-FL180 due to Alpine terrain below. Monitor Geneva weather. Begin descent planning immediately. The short flight means descent must begin almost as soon as cruise altitude is reached. Transition altitude check (7,000 feet in Switzerland).
Descent & Approach0:35-0:50FL200-1,411Rapid descent required — FL200 to 1,411 feet in limited distance. Geneva Approach vectors for ILS RWY 23. FOEHN wind creates turbulence during descent through mountain valleys. Gusty crosswind on approach (20 gusting 30). Break out in rain at 1,200 feet. Lake Geneva visible to the south.
Landing & Debrief0:50-2:00GroundLand at Geneva. Extended debrief: FOEHN wind effects on flight planning, energy management on short flights, Alpine terrain MEA awareness, gusty crosswind approach technique, go-around terrain routing. Discuss how short flights are deceptively dangerous because of compressed task timelines.

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
LSGG
ILS RWY 5
Opposite direction — approach from the northeast with different terrain picture; Geneva terrain is asymmetric
Approach 3
LSGG
RNAV (GPS) RWY 23
GPS approach to same runway — compare guidance precision with ILS in gusty FOEHN conditions

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Navigate terrain-constrained airways with high MEAs throughout
  • Manage energy on a short flight with rapid descent requirements
  • Fly the ILS RWY 23 at Geneva with Alpine terrain on multiple sides

Progress

  • Apply FOEHN wind awareness to flight planning and execution
  • Manage compressed task sequence on a 40-minute flight
  • Execute approach at a terrain-constrained airport with weather changes

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Brief thoroughly despite short flight time pressure
  • Prioritize tasks when everything compresses into 40 minutes
  • Apply terrain-conservative decision-making for go-around

Prepare for Your Session

What is the FOEHN wind and how does it affect Alpine flight operations?
The FOEHN (pronounced "fern") is a warm, dry wind that occurs when air is forced over a mountain range. Moist Mediterranean air rises on the south side of the Alps, drops its moisture as precipitation, then descends on the north side — compressing, warming, and accelerating. Effects on flight: severe turbulence (especially in mountain valleys and on lee slopes), rapid temperature changes, gusty surface winds (30+ knots), and deceptive weather — clear spots surrounded by IMC. The FOEHN is one of the most dangerous Alpine weather phenomena.
Why are MEAs so critical on the Zurich-Geneva route?
The route crosses the Swiss Plateau between the Alps (south) and the Jura Mountains (northwest). Even on the "flat" plateau, terrain reaches 3,000-5,000 feet, and the Alpine foothills to the south push MEAs to FL160-FL180. Unlike US domestic routes where MEAs are often well below cruise altitude, Alpine MEAs can be near or above cruise altitude for short flights. Descending below MEA without ATC clearance is an immediate terrain conflict. Every altitude assignment on this route has terrain implications.
What makes short flights like ZRH-GVA deceptively challenging?
A 38-minute flight compresses every task: you are planning the descent before you finish the climb. There is no cruise phase for relaxed approach briefing or weather updates. The workload is continuous from takeoff to landing. Additionally, pilots tend to under-prepare for short flights ("it is only 150nm"), which means they rush the briefing and miss critical details. In Alpine terrain, a rushed briefing can mean missed terrain awareness that would be caught on a longer flight.
What are the terrain considerations for the ILS RWY 23 missed approach at Geneva?
Geneva sits in a valley between the Alps (to the south and east) and the Jura Mountains (to the northwest). The missed approach for RWY 23 requires a climbing left turn to stay in the valley corridor — climbing straight ahead would put you toward rising terrain. The go-around must be briefed with specific altitude targets at specific points: "climbing left turn to [altitude] before [fix]." The standard missed approach procedure is designed around the terrain, but in gusty FOEHN conditions, maintaining the precise track is more difficult.
Instructor Notes
This scenario teaches that short flights are not easy flights. The 38-minute block time means the student has no rest period — the workload is compressed from gate to gate. The FOEHN wind adds physical challenge (turbulence, gusty crosswind) to the mental challenge (compressed timeline, terrain throughout). The key teaching moment is the missed approach briefing: if the student cannot describe the terrain-aware go-around before starting the approach, they are not ready. Use the short cruise to test their task prioritization — what do they do first when they have 10 minutes to brief the approach, check weather, and begin descent? The gusty crosswind at Geneva (20G30) will test their hand-flying. If they struggle, debrief the approach stability criteria specific to gusty conditions.