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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT 8: Republic to Hanscom

Route: KFRG → KBED

Medical delivery mission under time pressure with low IFR conditions.

View FAA WINGS activity on FAASafety.gov →

Scenario Overview

A medical specimen delivery mission from Republic to Hanscom Field in low IFR conditions. The scenario creates time pressure (delivery deadline) layered over deteriorating weather to test decision-making under stress and resistance to external pressure.

FAA WINGS Credit
Master 96208 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

ILSRNAVADMTime PressureLow IFR

Route & Flight Plan

KFRG MERIT V16 BOSOX KBED
Altitude6,000
Distance152 nm
ETE1:08

ATC Audio Practice

Real ATC recordings from LiveATC. Practice extracting weather from ATIS and copying IFR clearances at real-world cadence. Learn IFR clearance techniques

These are actual recordings from airport frequencies. The weather, routing, and clearances will differ from the planned scenario — the training value is in listening proficiency and ATC communication cadence.

ATIS

KFRG ATISKFRG1:30
0:00/1:30

Republic Airport ATIS — low IFR conditions with reduced ceiling and visibility for instrument departure

IFR Clearances

KFRG → KBED IFR ClearanceKFRG0:30
0:00/0:30

IFR clearance to Hanscom Field — maintain 3,000, expect 6,000 ten minutes after departure. Practice copying the altitude split in low IFR conditions

ForeFlight Briefings

Complete ForeFlight navlog exports with route, METARs/TAFs, winds aloft, vertical cross-section, and sig weather charts. Use these to practice pre-flight weather evaluation.

KFRG → KBED ForeFlight Briefing152 nm11,000 ft

Route: MERIT HFD.DREEM2.11

Download ForeFlight Briefing (PDF)

Airport Information

Departure
KFRG
Republic Airport
Farmingdale, NY
Elevation: 82 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
14/326,833 ftasphalt
1/195,517 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS126.65
GND121.6
TWR118.8
APP128.125
Approaches
ILS RWY 14, RNAV GPS RWY 1, RNAV GPS RWY 14, RNAV GPS RWY 19, RNAV GPS RWY 32
Destination
KBED
Laurence G. Hanscom Field
Bedford, MA
Elevation: 132 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
11/297,011 ftasphalt
05/235,107 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS124.6
CLR121.85
GND121.7
TWR118.5
APP124.4
Approaches
ILS RWY 11, ILS RWY 29, RNAV GPS RWY 11, RNAV GPS RWY 23, RNAV GPS RWY 29
Alternate
KPVD
Rhode Island T.F. Green International Airport
Providence, RI
Elevation: 54 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
5/238,700 ftasphalt
16/346,081 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS124.2
CLR126.65
GND121.9
TWR120.7
APP123.675
Approaches
ILS RWY 5, ILS RWY 23, ILS RWY 34, RNAV GPS RWY 5, RNAV GPS RWY 16, RNAV GPS RWY 23, RNAV GPS RWY 34

Diversion Scenario

TriggerKBED weather drops below minimums (VV002, 1/2SM FG) by 1145Z; missed approach required
KORHWorcester Regional Airport1,009 ft MSL
ApproachILS RWY 11

Weather Scenario

Early morning radiation fog along the New England coast. Conditions at departure are low IFR with ceilings around 400 feet. The TAF for KBED valid from 0600Z shows fog intensifying through the 1000-1200Z window. By the time the pilot arrives at 1115Z, conditions at Hanscom have dropped below minimums. The alternate (Providence) remains marginal but above ILS minimums. Worcester (KORH) offers ILS RWY 11 with better conditions inland.

Departure 06:00L (1000Z)KFRGLIFR
KFRG 141000Z 04008KT 1SM BR OVC004 03/02 A2994 RMK AO2 CIG 003 RWY14
Ceiling 400 feet overcast, visibility 1 mile in mist, low IFR
Arrival 07:15L (1115Z)KBEDIFR
KBED 141115Z 03006KT 2SM BR OVC006 02/01 A2990 RMK AO2 CIG 005 RWY11
Ceiling 600 feet overcast, visibility 2 miles in mist, IFR
Updated 07:45L (1145Z)KBEDLIFR
KBED 141145Z 03008KT 1/2SM FG VV002 01/01 A2988 RMK AO2 VV002 PRESFR
Fog has moved in, vertical visibility 200 feet, 1/2 mile visibility, below minimums
Alternate 07:45L (1145Z)KPVDMVFR
KPVD 141145Z 35005KT 5SM BR SCT008 OVC015 04/03 A2992 RMK AO2
Marginal VFR at alternate, visibility 5 miles, broken ceiling at 800

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureKFRG
TAF KFRG 140530Z 1406/1506 04006KT 1SM BR OVC004 FM140800 04007KT 1/2SM FG VV002 FM141000 05008KT 2SM BR OVC008 FM141400 VRB05KT 4SM BR SCT015 BKN030 FM141800 24006KT P6SM FEW030 SCT060
En RouteKORH
TAF KORH 140530Z 1406/1506 03005KT 3SM BR OVC008 FM140800 03006KT 2SM BR OVC005 FM141000 03008KT 3SM BR OVC008 TEMPO 1010/1014 1SM FG VV003 FM141500 VRB05KT 5SM HZ SCT020 BKN040 FM142000 26006KT P6SM FEW040
ArrivalKBED
TAF KBED 140530Z 1406/1506 03005KT 2SM BR OVC006 FM140800 03004KT 1SM BR OVC004 TEMPO 1408/1412 1/2SM FG VV002 FM141000 03005KT 1/2SM FG VV002 FM141400 04006KT 1SM FG OVC003 PROB40 1414/1418 1/4SM FG VV001 FM141800 VRB04KT 3SM BR OVC010

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:15GroundMission briefing with time pressure (delivery by 08:00L). Weather evaluation. PAVE/IMSAFE review. Personal minimums discussion. Fuel planning with alternate.
Go/No-Go Decision0:15-0:25GroundEvaluate current conditions against personal minimums. Departure weather is 400/1 — is this within your comfort level? Discuss the mission pressure factor.
Departure0:25-0:4082-6,000IFR departure KFRG. Climb through 400-foot ceiling. Transition to V16 northbound. In the clear above 2,500.
Enroute0:40-1:056,000Cruise northbound. Receive updated KBED weather showing deterioration. Evaluate: continue, hold, or divert?
Approach / Diversion1:05-1:356,000-132Attempt ILS RWY 11 at KBED. If weather below minimums, execute missed approach and divert to KPVD. Or divert early based on updated weather.
Debrief1:35-2:00GroundReview risk management decisions, personal minimums application, mission pressure recognition. The right answer may have been to not depart at all.

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
KORH
RNAV (GPS) RWY 29
Non-precision approach at diversion airport; practice unfamiliar airport procedure
Approach 3
KBED
ILS RWY 29
If weather improves, return to KBED for ILS from opposite end with full procedure

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Execute IFR departure in low IFR conditions
  • Fly precise approach to ILS minimums at KBED
  • Manage fuel planning for IFR with alternate requirements

Progress

  • Recognize and resist external pressure to fly in marginal conditions
  • Apply personal minimums versus published minimums
  • Evaluate risk factors using the PAVE/IMSAFE checklists

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Communicate clearly with ATC during low-visibility operations
  • Manage stress from time pressure without compromising safety
  • Make a go/no-go decision that may disappoint stakeholders

Prepare for Your Session

What are the ILS RWY 11 minimums at Hanscom Field?
The ILS RWY 11 has a DA of 332 feet MSL (200 feet AGL) and visibility minimum of 1/2 mile (2,400 RVR). These are standard Category I ILS minimums.
What defines "known icing conditions" and how does it affect your go/no-go?
Known icing exists when visible moisture is present and temperatures are at or below 0C. With reported 03/02 at KFRG and a 400-foot ceiling, you will climb through visible moisture near freezing. If your aircraft is not FIKI-equipped, this is a significant risk factor.
What are the alternate requirements for this flight under 14 CFR 91.169?
An alternate is required because KBED is forecast to have ceilings below 2,000 feet or visibility below 3 miles. The alternate (KPVD) must have weather at or above alternate minimums (typically 600-2 for precision, 800-2 for non-precision) at ETA.
How should time pressure from the medical delivery affect your decision-making?
It should not. External pressure to complete a mission is one of the most common factors in GA accidents. Use the PAVE checklist to evaluate risk objectively. The specimen can be re-sent; the pilot cannot be replaced.
Instructor Notes
This is primarily a decision-making scenario. The time pressure is intentional and should feel real. Brief the medical delivery context before starting. The correct decision may be to never depart. If the student departs, inject the below-minimums KBED weather during the enroute phase. Evaluate whether the student continues to attempt the approach or makes a timely diversion. Emphasize that the mission is never worth the risk.