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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT 10: Nantucket to Providence

Route: KACK → KPVD

Coastal IFR with marine layer, fog, and island departure challenges.

View FAA WINGS activity on FAASafety.gov →

Scenario Overview

Coastal IFR departure from Nantucket with marine fog and sea breeze convergence. The pilot must handle an island departure with limited visibility, navigate through coastal weather, and manage the transition from oceanic to mainland meteorology.

FAA WINGS Credit
Basic 96218 crAdvanced 96217 crMaster 96219 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

ILSRNAVADMFatigueCoastal WeatherWorkload Management

Route & Flight Plan

KACK GRABE V374 PVD KPVD
Altitude4,000
Distance68 nm
ETE0:32

ATC Audio Practice

Real ATC recordings from LiveATC. Practice extracting weather from ATIS and copying IFR clearances at real-world cadence. Learn IFR clearance techniques

These are actual recordings from airport frequencies. The weather, routing, and clearances will differ from the planned scenario — the training value is in listening proficiency and ATC communication cadence.

ATIS

KACK ATISKACK1:30
0:00/1:30

Nantucket ATIS — island weather with marine conditions and coastal winds

IFR Clearances

KACK → KPVD IFR ClearanceKACK0:30
0:00/0:30

Island departure with void time — clearance includes report airborne requirement. Practice copying the void time and understanding non-towered IFR release procedures

ForeFlight Briefings

Complete ForeFlight navlog exports with route, METARs/TAFs, winds aloft, vertical cross-section, and sig weather charts. Use these to practice pre-flight weather evaluation.

KMMU → KACK ForeFlight Briefing216 nm11,000 ft

Route: BREZY V39 CMK BAYYS SEALL V188 GON DEEPO

Download ForeFlight Briefing (PDF)
KFRG → KMVY ForeFlight Briefing149 nm9,000 ft

Route: BAYYS SEALL V188 GON V374 MVY

Download ForeFlight Briefing (PDF)

Airport Information

Departure
KACK
Nantucket Memorial Airport
Nantucket, MA
Elevation: 47 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
6/246,303 ftasphalt
15/334,500 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS127.5
CLR119.375
GND132.5
TWR118.3
APP126.1
Approaches
ILS RWY 6, ILS RWY 24, RNAV GPS RWY 6, RNAV GPS RWY 15, RNAV GPS RWY 24, RNAV GPS RWY 33
Destination
KPVD
Rhode Island T.F. Green International Airport
Providence, RI
Elevation: 54 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
5/238,700 ftasphalt
16/346,081 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS124.2
CLR126.65
GND121.9
TWR120.7
APP123.675
Approaches
ILS RWY 5, ILS RWY 23, ILS RWY 34, RNAV GPS RWY 5, RNAV GPS RWY 16, RNAV GPS RWY 23, RNAV GPS RWY 34

Diversion Scenario

TriggerIf KPVD develops unexpected fog from sea breeze convergence before arrival; ceiling drops below ILS minimums
KBDRSikorsky Memorial Airport9 ft MSL
ApproachILS RWY 6

Weather Scenario

Classic summer marine fog event along the New England coast. Warm moist air flowing over the cold Labrador Current creates persistent advection fog that hugs the coastline and islands. Nantucket is socked in with 300-foot ceilings at 1200Z, but just 30 miles inland at Providence conditions are VFR. Once airborne and headed northwest, the pilot will climb through the fog layer and be in the clear by mid-Cape.

Departure 08:00L (1200Z)KACKLIFR
KACK 141200Z 19006KT 1SM BR OVC003 14/13 A3002 RMK AO2 CIG 002 RWY06
Dense marine fog, ceiling 300 feet, visibility 1 mile, typical Nantucket summer morning
Arrival 08:45L (1245Z)KPVDVFR
KPVD 141245Z 21008KT 8SM FEW015 SCT040 BKN080 18/14 A3004 RMK AO2
Much better inland, scattered clouds at 1,500, 8 miles visibility
Enroute 08:15L (1215Z)KHYALIFR
KHYA 141215Z 20005KT 2SM BR OVC005 15/14 A3002 RMK AO2 FOG OVC003 RWY33
Hyannis also fogged in, ceiling 500 feet, marine fog blankets entire Cape Cod area

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureKACK
TAF KACK 140530Z 1406/1506 19005KT 1SM BR OVC003 FM140900 19006KT 1SM FG VV002 FM141200 20008KT 2SM BR OVC008 TEMPO 1212/1215 1SM FG OVC004 FM141500 21010KT 4SM BR SCT015 BKN040 FM141800 21012KT 5SM HZ SCT020 BKN060
En RouteKHYA
TAF KHYA 140530Z 1406/1506 20004KT 2SM BR OVC005 FM140900 20005KT 2SM BR OVC006 FM141200 20008KT 3SM BR SCT010 BKN030 FM141500 21010KT 6SM HZ SCT025 BKN050 FM141800 21012KT P6SM FEW030 SCT060
ArrivalKPVD
TAF KPVD 140530Z 1406/1506 21006KT 6SM BR FEW012 SCT040 BKN080 FM141000 21008KT 8SM FEW015 SCT040 BKN080 FM141200 22010KT P6SM SCT040 BKN080 TEMPO 1213/1216 5SM BR FEW015 SCT040 FM141600 20008KT 4SM BR FEW010 SCT030 PROB40 1417/1500 2SM FG OVC008

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:15GroundMarine fog briefing. Review island departure procedures. Discuss the "can't return" reality — once airborne, Nantucket is below minimums behind you. Brief alternate options.
Departure0:15-0:3047-4,000IFR departure KACK RWY 24 into 300-foot ceiling. Immediate IMC. Climb on heading, contact Cape Approach. Break through fog layer around 2,000 feet.
Overwater Transit0:30-0:454,000Fly V374 over Nantucket Sound. Below is solid fog layer. No visual references. Monitor marine weather updates. Transition from Cape to Providence Approach.
Mainland Transition0:45-1:004,000Fog layer breaks up approaching mainland. Begin descent for KPVD. Conditions improve markedly over land.
Approach & Landing1:00-1:204,000-54ILS RWY 5 at KPVD in VFR conditions. Straightforward approach after the stressful departure. Sea breeze crosswind.
Debrief1:20-2:00GroundReview marine fog meteorology, island departure risk management, overwater IFR procedures. Discuss seasonal patterns of coastal fog.

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
KPVD
ILS RWY 23
Opposite end precision approach, vectors to final; practice in clear conditions after stressful departure
Approach 3
KPVD
RNAV (GPS) RWY 16
Non-precision approach to crossing runway, LP minimums, practice MDA management

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Execute IFR departure from a coastal island airport
  • Navigate through marine layer and coastal fog
  • Fly the ILS RWY 5 at Providence

Progress

  • Understand marine fog formation and behavior patterns
  • Evaluate coastal weather differences (island vs mainland)
  • Apply overwater IFR procedures

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Communicate with Cape Approach for radar services
  • Manage single-pilot workload during low-visibility departure
  • Make diversion decisions when departure point is below minimums behind you

Prepare for Your Session

What causes marine fog at Nantucket and when is it most common?
Advection fog forms when warm, moist air from the south flows over the cold Labrador Current waters around the island. It is most common May through August, often forming overnight and burning off by mid-afternoon, though it can persist for days.
What is the risk of departing an island airport IFR when the ceiling is at minimums?
Once airborne, you cannot return if you have an emergency — the airport behind you may be below minimums. You must be certain your destination or alternate is above minimums and you have fuel to reach it. This is a one-way-door decision.
What is the takeoff minimum for a Part 91 pilot at Nantucket?
Part 91 has no takeoff minimums — only Part 135 and 121 operators are required to meet departure minimums. However, this does not mean it is safe or prudent to depart in any conditions. Personal minimums should apply.
How does sea breeze convergence affect coastal weather later in the day?
As land heats up, the sea breeze pushes marine air inland. This can bring fog and low ceilings inland during afternoon. Conversely, morning fog on islands can lift and dissipate as the sea breeze establishes, though on Nantucket this clearing may not occur until well after noon.
Instructor Notes
The critical teaching point is the commitment of the island departure. Once the student is airborne in 300-foot ceilings, there is no return to Nantucket. Emphasize this during the briefing phase. The flight itself is relatively short and the arrival is straightforward, which is intentional — the stress is all in the departure decision and the first few minutes. Discuss what alternate options existed (ferry, delay until afternoon clearing).