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IFR LOFT Scenario

LOFT: Atlantic City to Norfolk

Route: KACY → KORF

Mid-Atlantic coastal IFR through military airspace with Chesapeake Bay moisture and low-IFR approach at Norfolk.

View FAA WINGS activity on FAASafety.gov →

Scenario Overview

Mid-Atlantic coastal IFR flight from Atlantic City to Norfolk through the Delmarva Peninsula and Chesapeake Bay region. Military airspace from NAS Oceana and Langley adds routing complexity. Coastal moisture creates challenging approach conditions at Norfolk. This scenario is available on the FAA AATD-approved Cirrus Vision Jet (SF50) simulator with RealSimGear SFx Console for structured Vision Jet training, or on the G1000 NXi AATD with King Air B200 turboprop configuration.

FAA WINGS Credit
Master 99552 cr

Complete this LOFT with one of our CFIIs to earn WINGS credit toward your pilot proficiency. Learn more at FAASafety.gov

ILSRNAVMilitary AirspaceCoastal WeatherADMUnfamiliar Airport

Route & Flight Plan

KACY SIE V1 SBY V16 ORF KORF
Altitude8,000
Distance198 nm
ETE1:10

Airport Information

Departure
KACY
Atlantic City International Airport
Atlantic City, NJ
Elevation: 75 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
13/3110,000 ftasphalt
4/226,145 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS127.4
CLR118.7
GND121.9
TWR120.3
APP124.6
DEP124.6
Approaches
ILS RWY 13, ILS RWY 31, RNAV (GPS) RWY 13, RNAV (GPS) RWY 31, VOR RWY 13, VOR RWY 31
Destination
KORF
Norfolk International Airport
Norfolk, VA
Elevation: 27 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
5/239,001 ftasphalt
14/324,825 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS125.85
CLR121.05
GND121.75
TWR118.9
APP123.7
DEP123.7
Approaches
ILS RWY 5, ILS RWY 23, RNAV (GPS) RWY 5, RNAV (GPS) RWY 23, RNAV (GPS) RWY 14, VOR RWY 5
Alternate
KPVD
Rhode Island T.F. Green International Airport
Providence, RI
Elevation: 54 ft MSL
Runways
RWYLengthSurface
5/238,700 ftasphalt
16/346,081 ftasphalt
Frequencies
ATIS124.2
CLR126.65
GND121.9
TWR120.7
APP123.675
Approaches
ILS RWY 5, ILS RWY 23, ILS RWY 34, RNAV GPS RWY 5, RNAV GPS RWY 16, RNAV GPS RWY 23, RNAV GPS RWY 34

Weather Scenario

A warm, moist air mass is pushing northward from the Chesapeake Bay. Atlantic City starts marginal VFR but conditions deteriorate steadily as you fly south along the Delmarva coast. The Chesapeake Bay acts as a moisture source, creating persistent low stratus and mist at Norfolk. The KORF TAF shows the 1400-1530Z window at its worst with 3SM visibility and overcast at 1,200. The temperature-dewpoint spread is only 2°C — fog could form at any time.

Departure 10:00L (1400Z)KACYMVFR
KACY 141400Z 20010KT 8SM SCT030 BKN060 18/12 A3004 RMK AO2
Marginal VFR, scattered clouds at 3,000, broken at 6,000, good visibility
Arrival 11:30L (1530Z)KORFIFR
KORF 141530Z 18014G20KT 3SM BR OVC012 16/14 A2998 RMK AO2 VIS 2V4
Chesapeake Bay moisture, overcast at 1,200, visibility 3 miles in mist, variable 2-4

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts

DepartureKACY
TAF KACY 140530Z 1406/1506 20008KT P6SM SCT030 BKN060 FM141200 20010KT 8SM SCT025 BKN050 FM141400 20012KT 6SM HZ SCT020 BKN040 FM141800 22010KT P6SM SCT030 BKN050 FM150000 VRB06KT P6SM SCT040
En Route (Wallops)KWAL
TAF KWAL 140530Z 1406/1506 18008KT P6SM SCT025 BKN050 FM141200 18012KT 5SM BR SCT018 BKN035 FM141400 18014KT 4SM BR OVC015 TEMPO 1414/1418 3SM BR OVC010 FM142000 20010KT 6SM SCT020 BKN040 FM150000 VRB06KT P6SM SCT030
ArrivalKORF
TAF KORF 140530Z 1406/1506 18010KT 5SM BR SCT018 BKN035 FM141200 18012KT 4SM BR SCT015 OVC025 FM141400 18014G22KT 3SM BR OVC012 TEMPO 1415/1419 2SM BR OVC008 FM142000 20010KT 5SM BR SCT018 BKN035 FM150000 VRB06KT P6SM SCT025

Lesson Profile

Scenario timeline with phases, altitudes, and key events
PhaseTimeAltitudeEvents
Briefing & Setup0:00-0:15GroundBrief departure, en route military airspace (R-4006, R-4005, W-50A/B), KORF approach plates. Review restricted area activation status (NOTAM check). Discuss Chesapeake Bay weather patterns and coastal IFR transitions.
Departure0:15-0:3075-8,000IFR departure from KACY RWY 13. Climb to 8,000, contact Atlantic City Approach then Washington Center. Route south over the Delmarva Peninsula.
Enroute0:30-0:558,000Cruise south along V1/V16. Monitor weather deterioration. Military airspace awareness — R-4006 (Wallops Island) and restricted areas near NAS Oceana may affect routing. ATC may issue reroutes for active MOAs. Transition from Washington Center to Norfolk Approach.
Descent & Approach0:55-1:208,000-27Descend into Chesapeake Bay moisture. ILS RWY 5 at KORF. Transition from VFR-on-top to solid IMC during descent. Gusty crosswind on approach. Military traffic from NAS Oceana sharing approach control frequency.
Landing & Debrief1:20-2:00GroundLand at Norfolk. Debrief military airspace avoidance, coastal weather transition management, unfamiliar-airport ILS procedures, and the importance of checking NOTAM restricted area schedules.

Post-LOFT Approach Practice

After the LOFT scenario concludes, practice 2 additional approaches for a total of 3 per session. Session is planned for up to 6 approaches — ask your CFII for additional practice.

Approach 2
KORF
RNAV (GPS) RWY 23
Opposite direction approach; practice wind assessment and circle-to-land considerations
Approach 3
KORF
ILS RWY 5
Repeat the ILS with focus on stabilized approach criteria in gusty crosswind

Training Objectives

Proficiency

  • Plan and fly IFR through military-airspace-dense corridor
  • Execute approach at a Class C airport with military traffic
  • Fly the ILS RWY 5 at Norfolk in coastal low-IFR conditions

Progress

  • Interpret and avoid restricted/MOA airspace along the route
  • Manage coastal weather transitions from VFR to IFR
  • Apply instrument approach procedures at an unfamiliar airport

Single-Pilot CRM

  • Coordinate with ATC for military airspace routing
  • Manage workload during weather deterioration en route
  • Brief approach thoroughly at an unfamiliar field

Prepare for Your Session

What military airspace exists along the ACY-ORF route and how do you determine if it is active?
The route passes near R-4006/R-4005 (Wallops Island/NASA), W-50A/B (offshore warning areas), and military operating areas near NAS Oceana and Langley AFB. Check NOTAMs for restricted area activation schedules. ATC will route you around active restricted areas but knowing the schedule helps you anticipate routing changes. Warning areas are "use at your own risk" in VFR but ATC provides separation in IFR.
Why does the Chesapeake Bay create persistent low IFR conditions?
The Bay is a large warm water body that adds moisture to the lower atmosphere. When southerly winds push warm moist air over the cooler waters near the coast, advection fog and low stratus form. The temperature-dewpoint convergence (spread of only 2-3°C) means ceilings can drop rapidly. Norfolk, sitting at the mouth of the Bay, is especially susceptible during spring and fall.
What is the significance of NAS Oceana traffic when flying into KORF?
NAS Oceana (KNTU) is a master jet base just 8nm southeast of Norfolk International. Navy fighters share the same approach control frequency and airspace. Expect faster traffic in the pattern, potential delays for military operations, and the possibility of being extended downwind or given additional vectors to maintain separation from military arrivals.
How should you plan alternates when coastal IFR conditions are widespread?
Coastal IFR can stretch for hundreds of miles along the seaboard. Your alternate should be inland, away from the maritime influence. Richmond (KRIC) or Raleigh-Durham (KRDU) are good options — they sit west of the coastal moisture and typically have higher ceilings. Never pick another coastal airport as your alternate when the entire seaboard is IFR.
Instructor Notes
This scenario teaches two underrated skills: military airspace awareness and coastal weather transitions. Most GA pilots have never flown through military-dense airspace and do not check restricted area NOTAMs. The weather transition is the heart of the scenario — the student should notice conditions deteriorating and begin planning for the ILS well before reaching Norfolk. If they wait until the approach to start thinking about minimums, that is a debrief point. The NAS Oceana military traffic adds realism without being the primary challenge.